Just an hour out of Cape Town lies the Kogelberg Biosphere Reserve, an area recognised as one of the greatest biodiversity hotspots in the world. But this piece of paradise harbours a dark secret. Ferdi de Vos visited this grand area of land in the new Opel Grandland X to unravel some of its sinister past.
Home to the most complex biodiversity on our planet with more than 1,880 different species of plant, the Kogelberg Biosphere Reserve is the first biosphere reserve in South Africa and the floristic heart of the Cape floral kingdom.
Recognised as one of the greatest biodiversity hotspots in the world, this 1,000 square kilometre zig-zag ribbon of coastal plain, squeezed in between the Atlantic Ocean and towering sandstone mountains about 40 km from Cape Town forms part of the world-wide network of biosphere reserves of UNESCO and incorporates a CapeNature reserve as part of its “core conservation area.”
This area is dissected by the spectacular Clarence Drive, or R44, that now regularly ranks as one of the top ten driving routes in the world. Yet, only a couple of decades ago the unique area, exceptionally untouched as the mountain slopes was closed to the public and strictly protected (only a small portion along the Steenbras River Gorge is open for hiking) and used for more sinister purposes.
You see, in the mid-1980s a piece of land situated just outside of Rooi Els in the heart of the Cape floral kingdom, played a pivotal role in the development of missile and rocket technology for the South African military as this site, known only as Farm 186, was used for the testing of rocket motors.
The RSA-programme
The project was classified top-secret, and back then many rumours surrounded the real purpose of the facility; easily identifiable by a tall radio mast and huge equipment shed clearly visible from the road between Rooi Els and Hangklip. However, the range of tall mountains masked the testing sites further inland.
While details on the programme remain sketchy, the RSA rocket story began in the mid-1960s with the development of short-range tactical missiles. Then, in the 1970s and 1980s, South Africa, with help from Israel, began developing a longer range ballistic missile. The RSA-1, an intermediate-range, single-stage ballistic missile, was followed by the RSA-2 with a longer range, and the RSA-3, based on the Israeli Jericho missile, a three-stage solid-fuel orbital launch vehicle.
For the RSA-3 an indigenous solid-propellant production capability was developed in Somerset West and the motors tested at the facility near Rooi Els, while the Overberg test range near Bredasdorp was used for test flights. While supposedly a space programme, it is said that the RSA-3 could have delivered a warhead on cities as remote as Washington DC or Moscow.
A further version, the RSA-4, was still in development when in 1993 South Africa announced it will dismantle its nuclear weapons programme and subsequently its missile development project. An example of the RSA-3 is still on display at the Zwartkops Air Force Museum near Pretoria.
“Rocket Fritz”
So, what has this to do with the German manufacturer with the lightning bolt logo – instituted in 1964 as recognition to the famous Opel Blitz truck – on its vehicles? Well, in the 1920s Fritz Opel (later Von Opel), a grandson of Adam Opel, founder of the company, became interested in rocket propulsion and developed rocket powered vehicles to use in spectacular demonstrations for the company, earning him the nickname “Rocket Fritz”.
The vehicles, created with the assistance of astronomer Max Valier and pyrotechnics engineer Friedrich Sander, was named Opel RAK and, just like the South African RSA rockets, four prototypes were built. The first one, the RAK.1, was completed ninety years ago – in March 1928. Based on an Opel 4/12 chassis with small lateral wings and twelve rockets, it achieved 75 km/h in just eight seconds.
In May 1928 the improved RAK.2 – longer, with larger side wings and 24 solid rockets producing six tons of thrust – reached a speed of 238 km/h at the Avus racetrack in Berlin in front of 3,000 people. Later that same year Von Opel and Sander set a new record for rail vehicles with the RAK.3, reaching a speed of 256 km/h … but another rocket rail vehicle, the RAK.4, was destroyed when its solid rockets exploded on the track.
With this history of Opel rocket power in mind, we took the new Grandland X SUV on a trip towards Rooi Els to see if we could find any remains of the infamous static rocket motor testing site.
Latest brand-builder
The twisty Clarence Drive – named after Jack Clarence, who was responsible for replacing the footpath between Gordon’s Bay and Rooi Els with a proper road – is a spectacular piece of tarmac, and from the raised driving position the Grandland X, the assortment of fynbos either side of the road was a sight to behold.
The recently introduced SUV has the huge job of rebuilding the brand from Russelsheim, following the departure of General Motors from South Africa, the sale of Opel to the French PSA Group (Peugeot, Citroën, and DS), and a new distributor, Unitrans Motors, taking over the local distribution and retail operations. It competes against a host of compact SUVs, like the VW Tiguan, Kia Sportage, Hyundai Tucson, Toyota RAV4, Nissan X-Trail, and Mazda CX-5, to name a few.
Based on the PSA EMP2 platform the relatively tall and wide Grandland X is closely related to the Peugeot 3008, but its front-end design is unquestionably Opel, with a prominent lightning bolt logo in the large grille, enclosed by slim LED headlights on our flagship Cosmo model with a huge optional panoramic sunroof.
A sharply defined C-pillar, slanted rear end, and slim LED taillight clusters underneath a deep tailgate crease, differentiates it further from its French donor, and it is certainly attractive-enough to hold its own in a segment with many lookalikes.
While its exterior design is quite progressive, the interior layout is markedly conventional (especially when compared to the avant-garde arrangement of the 3008) with large analogue dials in front of the driver and a neatly integrated central touchscreen.
However, durable material, elegant finishes, and good attention to detail gives the five-seater an aura of quality and it is spacious front and rear, with 514 litres of luggage space thanks to a space-saver spare wheel. It also has a full suite of driver-aid and safety systems, unlike many of its competitors.
Turbo power
Driven by a French sourced 1.6-litre turbo engine delivering 121 kW and 240 Nm of torque, mated to a six-speed auto transmission that sends power to the front wheels only, the Grandland X is no rocket ship – achieving a 0-100 km/h time of around nine seconds, a top speed of close to 200 km/h, and a consumption figure of seven litres per 100 kilometres – but still pleasurable to drive. On the open road its drivetrain was refined and smooth, and its handling on 18-inch tyres sharp, but its best attribute is its superior ride quality, on tar as well as on undulating dirt roads.
By now we have turned off from the R44 on to a coarse and unkempt tar road leading towards the tall mast and light green buildings, but soon we reached a locked gate and high fence with a sign board indicating the land beyond belongs to CapeNature and is not accessible.
We tried another dirt road passing the Rockjumper Country House to get to the rumoured testing sites (indicated by a couple of huge bare patches close to the Buffels River Dam on Google Maps), but a locked gate and fence again halted our progress – a clear indication that this area: even while it reverted to a nature reserve after American inspectors verified that the test facility was destroyed, is still off limits and not reachable without special permission …
While ultimately unsuccessful in our quest (a beer at the Drummond Arms in Rooi Els made up for it), it did give us enough opportunity to gage the latest German blitz offering. It is a solid contender in its class, but with a price tag of over R560k for the Cosmo version, it probably would not set the sales charts alight. Perhaps this will change when it is built in Walvis Bay, and not sourced from Sochaux in France (or Eisenach in Germany) …
The vehicle: Opel Grandland X Cosmo 1.6T AT
Engine: Four-cylinder petrol turbo
Displacement: 1,598 cc
Maximum power: 121 kW @ 6,000 rpm
Maximum torque: 240 Nm @ 1,400 rpm
Transmission: six-speed automatic
Acceleration 0-100 km/h: 9.0 seconds
Top speed: 200 km/h
Consumption: 7.0 l/100 km (combined cycle)
CO2 Emission: 156 g/km
Price: R1,339,900
Warranty: five-year/120 000 km warranty/five-year/90 000 km service plan
RoadTrip rating: 81%
We like: While based on a PSA platform, the Grandland X is different enough to preserve its individual identity. It has good performance, space, and great ride quality.
We do not like: Interior is perhaps too conventional. The Grandland X does not offer anything special compared to its competitors, and while well-kitted, it is very pricey.
